1st Annual NSA Round Robin
2025 — Online, WA/US
Lincoln-Douglas Paradigm List
All Paradigms: Show HideTimothy Adediran
Speech and Debate Expert | Accomplished Adjudicator | Seasoned Coach
Timothy Adediran is a distinguished figure in the world of speech and debate, celebrated for his exceptional expertise, analytical precision, and unwavering commitment to excellence. As a Deputy Chief Adjudicator (DCA) at prestigious events like the All Nigerian University Debate Championship, the Youth Speech Day Open, and DCA Vamid.zo 2024, Timothy has consistently demonstrated his unparalleled skill in guiding high-level competitions.
Notable accolades include being ranked as the Seventh Best Judge at the Transform Open Arena 3.0 and serving on the Finals Panel at the same event. He also played a pivotal role as the Novice Finals Judge at EVC 6.0, solidifying his reputation as a fair and insightful adjudicator.
Beyond judging, Timothy is a seasoned coach with an impressive track record, having led teams to two significant championship victories. His deep understanding of speech and debate, coupled with his passion for mentoring the next generation of debaters, makes him a highly sought-after figure in the field.
A dedicated professional, Timothy Adediran continues to inspire excellence and foster a culture of growth and learning within the speech and debate
community.
i will vote on any argument i have a sufficient understanding of with a claim, warrant, and impact
Harker
ireadrealarguments@gmail.com,baudrillard@googlegroups.com
Paradigms are subjectively informative, so take those information as how you will. For qualifications, I did lincoln douglas debate for one year, qualified to the tournament of champions reading every type of argument ever invented, and sometimes, not invented before. Just so you think I'm tabula rasa, I spent most of my time thinking about postmodernism, wipeout, process counterplans, and kant. My views on debate and how I debate has been influenced by Gordon Krauss, Evan Alexis, Nathan Wei, and Conner Shih.
The only thing you need to do to 'adapt' to me is to go for the position that you're best at. Technical execution and coherent round vision win debates. Judges who's RFD that includes language not present in the debate are contradictory to the existence of technical debate. I struggle to understand how intervention is educational or distinct from arbitrarily hacking for one team.
Arguments should be presented as early as possible. Late-breaking debates are frustrating, and invites intervention.
Arguments can only affect the scope of the round. My ballot is determined solely based on the technical execution on this round. Arguments that attempts to make me enter certain number on my ballot doesn't seem to make sense. This includes “30 speaks spike,” “evaluate the debate after the 1ac,” “no negative arguments.”
Give me pen time please. I am capable of flowing even some out-rageous clarity issues, I just need time between sentences. I have adhd and gets distracted easily, HELP!
After all, I would like to judge a good, in depth debate for the same reason why I prefer arguments presented as early as possible. I want to see smart executions, thoughtful research, and rigorous contestation that gives me some new view about debates. That means I’d rather see arguments that are brought forefront and ready to engage with contestation. Your points will be significantly higher, as I love a good debate. Nonetheless, I would never intervene.
Further thoughts below.
Planless Affirmatives
Technical debate is the way to win this. Big picture framing are insufficient and unpersuasive. I have no ideological pre-disposition against plan-less affirmatives, and went for them myself for the majority of rounds.
Against framework, the best aff argument is probably microaggression or the predictability k. Models debate is a lost art, and should be brought back especially when most teams on the circuit relies on docs and usually make terrible answers to them; although, if equally debated, models are unwinnable.
The negative should not be limited to topicality. If the aff undercovers any position, go for it. The capitalism kritik is having way less appearance in those debates, which confuses me a lot as it is a really strong argument.
Fairness is the best impact. The negative should settle on one interpretation for topicality debates, whether it is a question of models out of this round or resolving fairness violations in one debate.
Critiques on the Neg
The best critiques are framework that moots the plan. I struggle to understand how critiques that use language of causation or are debated like counterplans can resolve the uniqueness question. Mutual exclusivity that applies to traditional opportunity cost are a non-starter for critical arguments, as some version of the sequencing permutation plus double bind zeroes the argument.
Framework interpretations that allows the affirmative to access the case while providing competition are unconvincing. Arguments about how this does not establish an opportunity cost or is too utopian are compelling. However, feel free to go for this argument. Most teams are horrible, both on the aff and the neg, when someone deploys a middle ground interpretation due to most blocks written in context of the extremes.
I am best for framework arguments that excludes the case or the kritik. I will decide the framework debate in favor of solely the interpretation in the round, not to arbitrarily assign some middle ground between framework debates.
Link debating is essential. Link turning case is almost always strategic. If the negative is not going for framework, the final speech should consist of several 'k tricks' that alone generates a negative win condition. You would be better off implicating win conditions as well.
Topicality
Offense-defense. Reasonability is a question of the counter-interpretation, not the violation. Competing-Interp makes logical sense, but reasonability is winnable if invested substantial argumentation with judge instruction.
Models needs a basis. Precision under a model that makes debate impossible is terrible. Debatability absent a predictable basis is also terrible.
Theory
Reasonability is under-utilized. It can serve as both offense and defense, depending on the implication.
Theoretical objections to counterplans are best in the form of competition debates. Anything else seems arbitrary to me as no theory interpretation provides a bright line of what counterplans violate. All counterplans have a process, a solvency advocate, and could result in the plan, no matter what is presented in the debate. You are better off going for competition with me.
Counterplans
Best for competition. I do not understand the opposition towards process counterplans, other than that they incentivizes docbotting. "Artificial" and "Non-Germane" seems like arbitrary concepts without brightlines, and I struggle to understand why strategies like this is less educational than any other argument.
Textual and Functional competition is a flaw of the plan focus model. Hypotesting/Truth Testing with arguments like actualism to exclude negative fiat seems strategic to me, especially in LD.
Judge kicking seems the most logical conclusion of conditionality, therefore I will do it. If the aff disagrees, an argument needs to be made before the final speech.
Disadvantages
Fiat resolving the link seems like a great but underrated argument. Both sides should define what fiat entails and how that implicates link arguments.
Impact calculus is necessary.
Best disadvantages include some portion of the link serving as a case turn in a vacuum.
Case
Commit to impact turns.
Case debate is under-utilized in LD. The negative should be capable of zeroing case every debate, if over 3 minutes was spent on case. That should be how you engage with affirmatives in-front of me
"Zero risk is obviously possible, but extremely hard to get to in practice."
Philosophy
Good.
Implications of arguments and triggers needs to be made in earlier speeches. Judge instructions are necessary for questions like IFD.
Teams should learn how to defend utilitarianism. I'm confused about the low win rate frameworks have, and I attribute a large portion of that to judge protection that is purely interventionist.
Extinction outweighs is convincing but can easily be answered.
Justify framework as early as possible.
Tricks
I won't intervene. That's all you need.
Offense Defense.
Interpretations are arbitrary. "I evaluate debate all the time. After each speech I evaluate how good I think the construction of it is and think of the next speech." [EA]
Arguments needs impact calculus. Arguments needs a warrant and impact implicated in earlier speeches to be evaluated. Arguments needs judge instructions. With that, you're good.
idp harker '28
i just jumped a band director...i got a brand new saxophone.
use idpdebate@gmail.com and add idpdebatecards@googlegroups.com for any LD rounds
influences are iva, sid and lucas.
if you have 2 minutes before your elim round and i'm on the panel, read the tldr.
if my camera isn't on, don't start speaking.
please call me idp or ishaan. no judge, no sir. don't shake my hand.
clipping is dtd.
my wiki for reference
tech > truth. judges who claim to be tabula rasa and then dogmatically reject arguments are not so. i will not reject any argument based on personal or moral preference, and i will do my best to decide based on the flow with the exception of arguments that seek to change speaker points.
For transparency - I flow off the doc for the 1AC/1NC off-case positions and flow on Flexcel without the doc starting from the 1NC case page. I generally make a point to read cards during cross, but I won't specifically go in depth on cards unless someone tells me to. I will reference the doc for plan texts, and I flow CP/Interp texts. I don't flow CX but I do note down stuff if you make a point about it or like idk just vibes. Don't worry, I'll still catch your hidden ASPEC.
Sending analytics and 1AR doc if you read straight down is good in front of me. Like if you're doccing the 1AR and 2NR and have the guts to send the doc, i won't nuke them for being a docbot. I don't like docbotting at all, but if you are, just send the analytic wall if you choose to go at 360 wpm on k/theory/phil overviews. to clarify, this does not mean i like docbotting in ANY WAY SHAPE OR FORM. but if you must, do this.
tldr.
everything is up for debate: i evaluate all arguments read and don’t reject any unless the flow or tab says to. they need a warrant logically tied to an implication. you must be able to extend them. you can only win my ballot.
if you want me to read evidence, tell me to.
3 clears before I stop flowing the speech.
what i mean to say by that is that i judge debates without bias. i think that certain arguments are strategic and others are not, but i will push that bias aside when evaluating.
the only reason i say paradoxes are weird is because i struggle to see why they negate/affirm under a comparative worlds model of debate. please explain why they do.
that being said, here are my defaults. these can be changed by with a few sentences. even the ones i seem mad about.
new arguments in the 2ar are bad. new arguments in the 2nr must be called out. aff has burden of proof. neither judge kick nor inserted rehighlightings. you can insert those weird gray case extensions tho, as long as they were read. comparative worlds, competing interps, 1ar theory is dtd.
prefs:
1. theory/policy/tricks
2. k
3. t
4. phil
lay debate is fine ig.
policy:
impact turns !!
no judgekick. i don't see why a 6 minute 2NR that has to beat a 3 minute 2AR should make ME decide why I should kick your counterplan based on competition/solvency reasons. Win it or kick it. (or tell me why it's good)
comparative worlds
weighing is good
read rehighlightings.
ev comparison/quals > spin. julian cribb might be zero.
you donot get ev comparison on dropped arguments. don't drop arguments.
theory:
fun and good
"friv" theory does not exist. theory is theory.
judge instruction and weighing model of debates is good. if there is insufficient weighing, i will presume the side that extends case offense.
explain and warrant your "tricks". i'm good for them, if they're warranted.
spamming analytics at 300 wpm is not helpful for flowing, and will lead to a decision that you may or may not like.
disclosure is good. racial exceptions to this are ok (??) if warranted. misdisclosure is dtd.
ev ethics is stake the round
logic tricks and paradoxes r a bit confusing. explain explain explain!!
k:
framework>>alt
tfw/k is 50/50. depends on technical debating.
the level of k docs are horrible. 4 minute overview/permutation blocks are zero. please know that i WILL eviscerate your speaks if you don't do the line by line/look up off the doc
a closed computer, no card k 2nr is an auto 29.6+ even if u lose lol
defend ur reps>>plan is probably a true argument that can also be beaten by a few sentences
cap k/setcol vs the k aff is 100% the best strat
phil:
i am bad at this. very, very, very bad at this.
so if you want to, explain. except like religion affs. those are good in front of me. and kant.
again, docs are bad.
thoughts
email chain/speechdrop is ok. tab fileshare lowk bad :(
if email chain, please follow the format: TOURNAMENT NAME DIVISION ROUND # FLIGHT # --- AFF TEAM CODE vs NEG TEAM CODE
speaks:
Strategies that use prewritten docs and rely on nibs being dropped are not very good. I do not like them.
Average a 28.4 because debaters want me to intervene sm. just like write my ballot for me and my speaks are urs
above all else, have fun and be clear. debate is a communication game. emphasis on communication.
If you think William Li does not legitimately own Kaison Maruyama, strike me.
speechdrop > email ->https://speechdrop.net
i read mostly policy arguments in high school, but am fine for every argument, as long as it has a claim warrant an d impact.
won't read that much evidence after the round unless it is flagged, there is ev comparison, or the debate is otherwise irresolvable.
1ar theory dta except for wherever its incoherent
competition ev in 1nc (ld)
will vote on everything. that does not mean every argument is good--easier to win "death is bad" than "the sky is green" but both are theoretically winnable
when do i judge kick:
if logically collapses to "cp = aff", no. e.g "US means 50 states" = aff is the states cp = avoids politics.
if collapses to "cp = potential way of the aff", yes. e.g "X policy includes exemptions" ≠ aff is Y pic, means pic could be a topical aff. BUT doesn't mean normal means for the aff is Y specific exemption, so still need to beat the net ben.
disclose thatcher.hartman@lhsla.org or thatcherhartman@gmail.com
'27 Loyola High School
Only thing that matters
I will vote off the flow idc what you read as long as you extend warrants and impact it out
Lakeside '27
Policy/T >>>>> K >>> Phil > K aff > Tricks
I don't feel comfortable voting on ad homs and I won't vote on tricks.
Defaults that can be changed w/ a sentence: judgekick, policy presumption, permiss negates, DTA (unless it's incoherent, like condo) and competing interps.
Policy
Best for DA & case 2NRs. Good for advantage counterplans. So-so for impact turns and dense counterplan competition.
Impact calc wins close debates!! Metaweighing >>
Better for spin on politics than most.
Counterplan competition evidence needs to be in the 1NC, or it's new in the 2NR.
Read and explain rehighlightings. Perm texts past perm do the counterplan/perm do both should be inserted in the doc, but do not need to be read in full.
T
Predictability probably comes first.
Good for grammar/Nebel 2NRs.
Framework
Fairness is an impact and probably outweighs.
Smart, built-out/carded TVAs >>
K
Probably not good for framework-heavy 2NRs.
I evaluate the debate based on the winning framework interpretation, not an arbitrary middle ground (unless it is introduced by either team).
Phil
Not good for phil unless it's substantive skep (antirealism, not external world skep).
Pascal's wager, moral uncertainty >>
My thoughts here come almost entirely from conversations with Ben Waldman.
Theory
2ARs against T/theory should extend the case.
Misc. thoughts
I flow on my laptop with the doc closed. I'll call clear three times before I stop flowing.
Prep ends when the doc is saved.
Cross and flex prep are both binding, I will flow them both.
"Yes RVIs" is a voter, not a paradigm issue.
Dropped arguments are true, but a true, warrantless claim still means nothing.
Zero risk only exists if arguments that say so are dropped.
Feel free to postround but please be respectful!
Please be nice & make the debate an educational, enjoyable experience for everyone :)
SuoDrills
for nsa rr:
i have a low bar for what is considered a "warrant", but that bar is not zero. i will try to be as tab as possible but understand that i have subconscious biases for and against arguments. 30 speaks spike = capped at 28.5.
debate is tech over truth. intervention is the worst thing in this activity and i will vote on any arg that is not explicitly intended to be offensive. i read everything under the sun. this includes uniqueness counterplans, the setcol kritik, spec shells, tricks, wipeout, the god aff, etc. this does not mean i am good for any of the above arguments.
i am bad for:
- *tricks (eval is bad, triv/indexicals is fine. i think this form of debate is cool if done well, terrible if not. yes i will vote on the conceded resolved apriori)
- dense counterplan competition
offense/defense. do counterplan and we meet are the only exceptions.
speaks matter. they determine your place within the bracket and i will not give them arbitrarily.
my favorite person to debate is kaison maruyama, because i always beat him.
i am better for the k than tomas gonzalez, better for theory than august sone, better for clarity than nikhil bawa.
i aspire to be a judge like elizabeth su.
Hw '27
- Tech > Truth
- clash is the most important thing in a debate round. reading arguments that try to minimize clash is cowardly and not fun
- I really like lots of judge instruction and weighing in the nr/ar
- Be nice to your opponents and don't do anything offensive
- Please be clear!
- I like smart cx questions
- here is my wiki so you can see what I have read
- default judge kick
- perm texts should be in the doc
- rehighlights are legitimate
- concessions are truths
- i believe in zero risk
- tva/ssd are tko's vs k affs
- judge, not kaison please.
questions? email me!!!!
speaks:
Brain rot references +.1 (stackable)
haters: William Li (diss for speakerpoint boost based on how creative)
Class of '27, mostly influenced(which btw is not alot) by Sterling Utovac, Thatcher Hartman, Tomas Gonzalez, Rishad Vaghiwalla and a tad of Patrick Fox.
John Gonzalez got me into this cursed event... (Jk debate is fun, kinda...)
The summarized version of my paradigm is:
Debate is a game, "Tech over truth. I do not share the sensibilities of judges who proclaim to be technical and then carve out an exception for death good, wipeout, or planless affirmatives.This applies to everything. You do not get a blank check because your opponents’ arguments are “trolls” or “science fiction.” Whether something could be “read identically on a previous topic” has no bearing on whether it rejoins the affirmative. It is my experience and firm belief that the vast majority of judges who describe arguments in such a fashion are dangerously incapable of answering them.With that in mind, I will decide the debate based on the flow and nothing else." - Het Desai
OR
TLDR:Tech over everything. Debate is a game and you should maximize your chances of winning.Judges who say "I'll vote on anything except [xyz]" don't understand what tech over truth means.You do not need to read anything below this---everything else in my paradigm are my general inclination of how debate works, so you can exploit some of the biases that I've accumulated throughout my time in debate. Regardless of what you go for, I will attempt to judge it as fairly as possible. - Archan Sen
THAT BEING SAID I AM NOT GOOD FOR ALL ARGUMENTS
The longer version that you probably don't need to read but if you want you can.
Theory/Topicality: state of these in debates are horrible. Judges punish people for going for dropped condo, low pt wins. yes i will vote on Rvis, uncondo bad, afc, must contest aff framework, etc, etc. Dumb theory shells (heavily influenced by Lil Hartman) I default to DTD, includes piks bad, 50 state fiat bad, etc.
Policy/LARP: I'm fine for these, mainly read policy args anyway.
- CP: counter plan texts are bad, please improve the text of these. Most 1ars against process counterplans suck, I'm not saying I'm biased, but like a 2nr most of the time easier than most other options.
Kritiks: Fun, I'm OK for both topical and non topical k affs. Peninsula 2025 has forced me to learn about these affs. I am best for k v fw, rounds I am horrid for K v K debates. I'm good for basic k's, horrible for POMO.
Phil: errr towards over explaining, like I have basic understanding of things like kant.
Debate rant: Debate is a game, and a game with huge biases. It's a game designed for affirmatives to always win. The perfect ac v nc, the ac should win. Even if the nc overwhelms, the best 1ar & 2ar v the best 2nr means the aff always win. Aff controls the way that the debate plays out. Only reason affirmatives don't win is they mess up or because of time constraints, which I guess is obvious. Judges should admit that they don't know how to flow or aren't good for arguments. Realistically for prefs, I am a 3 for most arguments, maybe 2 for policy, and theory, but realistically a 3 for most pools, unless it's horrid.
I am Juliana Omane
As a seasoned orator, debate coach, and adjudicator, I bring a wealth of experience in various debating formats, including British Parliamentary, Asian Parliamentary, World Schools Debate Championship, Canadian National Debate Format, Public Forum, and Parliamentary debate.
When evaluating debates, I emphasize the importance of respectful discourse, where speakers engage with arguments rather than resorting to personal attacks. I also prioritize equity and inclusivity, expecting participants to uphold these values.
To facilitate effective judging, I appreciate debaters who share their documents in advance, particularly for Lincoln-Douglas and Public Forum debates. A moderate speaking pace is also valued, as it enables me to fully absorb and assess the arguments presented.
In my evaluation, the quality of arguments and logical reasoning takes precedence over stylistic flourishes. I commend debaters who demonstrate a deep understanding of motion types, burden of proof, and the effective deployment of fiats and counter-plans. I do not have any any conflicts.
Hi there,
My name is Oyewumi Emmanuel Oluwatobi, I am a student at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. I am a seasoned debater, public speaker and judge, with over 2 years involvement in debating. I am currently employing my vast speaking and judging experience to judge speech and debate. I have gathered ample experience judging different speech and debate formats including British Parliamentary (BP), Asian Parliamentary (AP), Public Forum (PF), WSDC, Congress, CX, LD, Extemp, Impromptu, and Declamation
Email address: oyewumioluwatobi2@gmail.com
Conflicts: I do not have any.
PERSONAL NOTE
I think of debate as a way to share ideas on different matters and make those ideas stronger by pointing out flaws and loopholes in them. I also see it as a game of arguments and whoever's argument that has the least flaws, provides accommodations for those flaws or prove why their arguments regardless of those flaws matter wins.
I have experience in British Parliamentary and public forum debate format, both speaking and judging. Though I prefer speaking. I am an ESL speaker, so I would also like people to know that, so it's not hard to understand you when you're speaking.
Lastly, I'm a nice person, and I like every debater in any round I am judging to be nice to one another and learn from each other. So, there is no need to be rude to each other in a debate round.
It's my belief that in every round, even if one loses, there is always something to learn, something to improve on.
Looking forward to working together. Thank you
Starting in 2025 as a notable unbiased judge
Email: blessingnkojo@gmail.com
You can catch me sparing at ALDD (speechforces) when I'm not Coaching at RSUDS
Crucial points about my philosophy on debate:
- Equity:
I believe that the fairest debates are those where there is no discrimination or use of derogatory language towards opponents or their arguments. Every argument should be respected and considered.
Things to avoid:
1. Do not classify any argument as nonsensical or stupid.
2. Do not make generalizations based on identity, race, or gender, as this can be stereotypical and provoke retaliation.
Things to do:
1. Be specific when analyzing people or places to avoid generalizations.
2. Approach every argument with a critical lens, refer to it, engage with it, rebut it, and respectfully counter-propose. Now that this is clear,
please read before speaking if I am judging you…
Typically, I start evaluating during the second speech in any debate round. Therefore, I am more impressed by students who demonstrate topic knowledge, line-by-line organization skills (supported by careful note-taking), and intelligent cross-examinations, rather than those who rely on speaking quickly, using confusing language, jargon, or recycling arguments.
I have become more open to philosophy-style arguments in the past year. However, I have not extensively studied any specific literature bases. Philosophy arguments solely used to trick opponents will not win my vote. However, I am open to well-developed philosophy strategies. Since I am an ordinary intelligent voter, you need to ensure that your explanations are clear and robust in explaining how to evaluate your arguments.
Counter Proposals: Especially in policy debates, but not limited to them, counter-proposals that aim to change the focus of the prompt (resolve) will be disregarded as they do not meet the necessary criteria. Use a counter proposal only if it is essential or aligns with the debate's spirit. My evaluation of a good counter-proposal is just as important as my evaluation of the original prompt.
Goodluck..............
1 - Policy / Policy vs K
2 - KvK / Theory
3 - Topicality
4 - Phil / Tricks
Trad is fine
Top Level:
Note: Many of these are just defaults. Whether I evaluate an argument or not is dependent on the truth of the round.
I'll evaluate anything you put in front of me but read phil at your own risk - I find these debates to be quite dense and hard to filter through, mostly because I don't understand what your authors are saying.
It would probably be interventionist to refuse to vote on tricks but if you spam a bunch of blippy aprioris in your speech then I will have a really low bar for responding to them. A concession is a concession, but I will search for every way that I can to possibly vote you down. More thoughts below.
I will vote on technical concessions, but I certainly won't be happy if an argument is intentionally blippy/hidden and then the final speech blows it up. If I didn't initially flow a warrant and implication for an argument, I won't vote on an extrapolation of said argument, regardless of whether it was dropped. That doesn't mean I won't vote on things like hidden ASPEC - I just want them to be full arguments when introduced.
I default to judge kick, but I can be persuaded otherwise. Aff probably needs to win condo bad though.
1AR theory except for condo is drop the argument.
Low bar for answering friv theory. It's terrible for debate and debaters should rightfully point this out. Generally default to competing interps 1st but certainly lean toward reasonability here.
I've grown more and more tired of the rise of docced speeches. It takes the innovative aspect out of debate and is infinitely less persuasive than an innovative, original speech. Thus, give the 2NR or 2AR completely off paper and I will give you a criminally high speaks boost.
I will never vote on eval x after y speech. It's a grandfather paradox!
Hi! I'm Emma Sobel and I currently debate for Immaculate Heart.
Add me to the chain: esobel2026@ihs.immaculateheart.org
I will evaluate every argument that I flow a claim, warrant, and impact for.
Offense-defense. I do not vote on presumption or permissibility.
Tech>truth.
I take most of my debate philosophy from David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, and Elizabeth Su.
Argument preferences
- Policy — Impact calc wins you close debates. 0 risk is not a thing. I default judge kick unless contested. Perm texts should be in the doc.
- Phil — I require more judge instruction for philosophical arguments, but I have a basic understanding of Util, Kant, and Nozick. For other ethical theories, err on the side of over-explanation.
- T + theory — No friv theory. Condo is good unless dropped.
- K's — "I dislike critiques that rely exclusively on framework arguments to make the Aff irrelevant." - David Dosch. I like topic K's. Aff gets to weigh the case.
- K affs — i heavily lean neg on fwk. fairness>>>>clash. Don't blip through the 1AR CI/DA's. SSD is very convincing to me. The debate should revolve around models.
- Trix — just don't.
Misc
For rehighlightings, "Insert rehighlighting if it comes from the original card text. If it comes from another part of the article, read it" - Gordon Krauss
PDCP evi and K fwk must be read in the 1NC.
CP comp depends on how the CP is worded. ill vote on and deny perms as long as it's explained and warranted as to why that should be the case.
Cx is binding
+0.1 speaks if you make a joke about nico huff and I laugh
Harvard-Westlake
soneaugust1@gmail.com
I will do my best to thoroughly evaluate the entire debate regardless of its content.
Westwood '26
do what you do best, tech>truth
aanyadebates@gmail.com for disclo/chain, ujjval.aanya@gmail.com for anything else
good for anything (but less so for phil/tricks debating)