ACTAA Arkansas State Championship
2025 — Fayetteville, AR/US
Debate Paradigm List
All Paradigms: Show HideI haven't judged a lot as of yet, I do have an understanding of how to judge most forensics and debate styles, I have previously debated in LD and IPDA and performed a poetry and OO piece before so I have a better understanding of the rules to those... styles/forms of debate. So I have done this, I understand it is very scary but I promise I try not to be scary. I'm a traditional judge. Here is some basic stuff I judge by or just stuff I look for:
Civility - please be nice to everyone and the room
-I won't require everyone to stay in the room to watch every piece because it's already a stressful environment and others have more rounds to attend
-Please don't be coming in and out of the room if someone is performing, you wouldn't want the distraction while you were performing
Logic - if your evidence is logical or obvious, I won't require a source, ex: murder is bad
Refutation/Clash - if you drop points your opponent makes then that only hurts you
Cross-Ex - I won't judge cross-ex unless you bring it up in one of your speeches
Spreading - If I can't understand you I won't be able to flow it so please articulate your words(unless spreading is expected of the debate style)
As a judge, I aim to offer constructive feedback that helps competitors grow while ensuring fair evaluation. My criteria focus on:
- Content & Argumentation: Clear thesis, well-organized, and relevant points.
- Delivery & Presentation: Engaging, confident, and expressive delivery with appropriate tone and gestures.
- Voice & Diction: Clear, articulate speech with effective use of pauses and emphasis.
- Presence & Persona: Strong stage presence, authenticity, and connection with the audience, managing nerves effectively.
I strive to be objective and fair, celebrating achievements and encouraging improvement. Thank you!
Hi! I am Coglin. Currently, I am enrolled online at Purdue Global and I work full time at Arvest Bank in Fayetteville. During my time in HS debate, I qualified to nationals in LD and USX and won the ACTAA State Championship in extemporaneous speaking. I also have lots of congress experience, but I never did great in it. Just had fun.
My biggest piece of advice to win my ballot is to be clear, confident, and correct. If you make a logical claim, back it with evidence, and speak confidently, you are set up for success.The same goes for speech events. If you are confident and clear, you will be just fine with me.
My biggest pet peeve is spreading when it is not clear or warranted. That does not mean that I don't like policy or progressive LD, but if it is not made clear before the round that it is an expectation, I will not be a huge fan.
Be nice to your opponent. If you are not, you automatically lose. I don't care if you made one rude comment before the round even started: you will lose. Just have an educational round and treat each other like people.
I have zero tolerance for hate speech of any kind, or false accusations of hate speech against your opponent. I will stop the round if either of these things happen, and I will ask that you be disqualified. Don't do it. Just debate.
LD
Before the round, if you want to run disclosure theory or spread, you need to tell both me and your opponent. If your opponent says they want to run a traditional round, they are not required to share their case with you. If it is said at a speed that is coherent, then disclosure is not necessary.
With V and VC debate: the value trumps the criterion, but the value cannot stay standing without a criterion. You have to tie both back to your entire case and explain why it is more coherent and important that your opponents. If you claim your opponent loses because of their V/VC but don't tell me why, I will drop the point. Every single claim you make has to have at least a little logical defense from you.
The same logic goes with any dropped point. If your opponent drops an attack or part of your constructive, you can't just point it out to me and hope it sticks. If you don't tell me why it matters, then I don't care and I'll drop it off the flow completely.
EXTEMP
With extemp, again: speak clearly, confidently, and use evidence.
My evidentiary standard in extemp is rather high for a small state circuit. The perfect speech would have one piece of evidence in the intro, two in each of your three points, and maybe one in your conclusion. I know that for newer extempers, that is very tough. However, if you have any less than 3 pieces of evidence, you will not rank high enough to break.
Move around! Don't just use the same pose or the same spot. Use your body language and be expressive. Obviously, don't start randomly flailing your arms or anything, but being natural in your movements makes you appear more confident.
Lastly, just remember: judges are just people. We don't expect perfection. I genuinely want to learn something from what you're saying. So, teach me something! Don't just fluff your speech for no reason.
DB8: If I nod, don't get ahead of yourself. Good point, but nothing special. If I look a little grossed out (or confused), I'd get as far away from whatever you just said as you can. If I'm laughing, you either have just earned my complete respect or I think you're really dumb. There is no in between.
Speech: I am not as active in speech events. If I have a reaction to something, it is a good thing and you will rank high. If I look confused, uh oh. If neither happens, you're probably fine.
If you have any questions about my ballot or would like more comments, feel free to email me (coglindexter@gmail.com).
I am a parent judge and have judged a few events since last year for PF, LD, IPDA and BQ. I usually look for the following things in a good debate and successful debator/s.
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Please be clear in your speech and do not rush. I want to understand your contentions, it is not a race to get your content finished in the time alloted.
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Please be courteous to your opponent and the judge. I appreciate a healthy dialogue.
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Please stay organized within all your speeches. Help your judge and opponent to follow you along, if you spread and move from one conention to another, you might loose me.
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I try hard to get down the names of cards but I better relate with actual piece of evidence. So when referencing please also provide the actual piece of evidence, not just the name.
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It is a good practice to reference all your arguments in all speeches that you make, so that by end of speech I know what your main arguments are, for or against the topic.
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I usually pick the winner based on clarity of their arguments, defending them in every speech with strong evidence and articulating their impact.
This is my third year as a parent judge. I have judged LD, BQ, PF, IPDA, EXT, Declamation, and Congress both at local tournaments and at Nationals . I try to focus on the speaker and only take key notes during the round. I like to see the speaker talk to the judges and not the podium (scanning all the judges, try not to focus on one judge). Be passionate about your topics. I am not to concerned with time. If you run over a few seconds I would rather you finish the sentence than stop talking abruptly. I cannot keep up with spreading.
Lisa Haddock
***IF YOU SPREAD, I’m warning you now that I will DROP you. If the average person wouldn’t be able to understand you, I won’t be able to either. I will NOT read off a doc so if I can’t understand you I won’t flow it
TLDR: Please send a copy of your speech to: lisahaddock68@gmail.com
Tech over truth
Rounds will be evaluated and final decisions made based on flow so don’t drop your arguments.
I’m good with any argument but discrimination of any type will not be tolerated and could result in an automatic loss.
THINGS EXPECTED IN A ROUND:
Please time yourselves as this is for your benefit more than the judge
Off-clock roadmaps are recommended for your benefit; however, please let your opponent and judge know so there is no confusion
When you take prep time, please make sure you are ready to begin once prep time is over
Make sure that cross-ex is used appropriately
PUBLIC FORUM:
Arguments will be evaluated based on how strong they are presented along with the weight of their impacts-this is very important.
Make sure to number and emphasize your arguments
Remember to extend your arguments
Keep rebuttals in a clear line-by-line format
Second rebuttal should focus on responses in rebuttal
During summary, remember to extend defenses and offenses or whatever you feel is most important in the round.
Do not try to take over in crossfire and try to ensure that grand cross is not one-person dominated
Final focus should provide clear weighing ground for judges to determine why either team should win the debate.
My name is Madison Huffman and I really enjoy everything about debate and speech. It's fun, interesting, and allows everyone involved to learn something new!
In debates I value the ability to follow the rules, have weight in your case, and reflection upon the resolution. I also value your ability to be civil with your opponent. Being able to exhibit your cases information correctly and timely, as well as collecting your opponents case info. and using it to your advantage is seen as a good tactic/ability. Your speaking style has a great affect on the way you are presenting, but will not be a huge deciding factor in the winner. The biggest deciding factor will be the ability to debate for your case, and against your opponents using the resolution and information provided, as well as your ability to combat your opponents attacks.
Refutation, commentary, logic and argument extension are my primary voters. I am a tabula rasa judge for most forms of debate.
Email for chain: Duste04[at]gmail[dot]com
LD - I enjoy/prefer having a traditional framework set up in LD but if you can link your debate theory and turn a case that is acceptable. If the arguments are accessible and we understand the ground of the debate and can create clash then there is no issue. I am not crazy about spreading and if I find that I can't hear/understand the arguments in this form of debate it makes it hard to flow.
PF - This form of debate should be accessible to the average citizen. Speed should be moderate at most and there should not be an expectation for a plan/policy or alternate. I weigh more heavily on impacts than framework but having a weaved in framework throughout the case is a huge plus. I flow and weigh cross.
Biggest pet peeve:
{First speaker starts} Reads a questionable card in 1AC
{Neg during cross} can you summarize the card...?
{First speaker} I can't summarize it but I can read the card again.
Congress: I am on year three of congress judging and have a decent grasp of Robert's rules. I enjoy it immensely and prefer to judge/weigh based on the NSDA Debate Guide rubric. For example, the book lists that representatives should not infringe on the chamber's time - stop before the grace period. I weigh questions in your overall score ESPECIALLY if you are tied for speech scores. By the Third speech on a bill there should be active clash in your speech and you should not just be rehashing old points or reading a canned speech. I love a good clarity/summary speech. If you are double entered and leave the chamber I do not let that affect your score for questioning BUT your goal is to be present and move the chamber you can't do that if you are not in attendance.
WSD
I am looking for presentation/style, organization, and of course well explained content. Please make sure to respectfully wave questions - I prefer civility and clarity. In terms of evidence, ensure that you focus on how the evidence fits in your argument / substantive and whether or not it is relevant or credible for the side.
BQ
Framework and definitions are pivotal. I know it is the same case all year but I do my best to evaluate the round as if I have not heard the topic. Unless you agree to FW or Definitions then there should be time set aside in each speech to remind me why yours is preferred or superior and how it helps your observations and contentions. Don't spread - be civil - be organized.
Decorum and Professionalism are of utmost importance, especially verbally! I do not want to see any disrespect between opponents!
This is a debate, and it should feel like one! No spreading or talking so fast that I can't understand you. If I can't understand you, I can't judge you properly.
Know your case! I don't want to feel like you are reading verbatim from your notes. Look up once in a while! If you are going to just read your case to me instead of actively presenting your case and debating your opponent, I will judge you accordingly.
Come to the round prepared! While confidence and speaking tone are important, it is not all that the round is judged on. You must present a better argument, even if your speaking tone isn't as loud as your opponent's!
Debate requires CLASH! You must be able to clearly and effectively refute your opponent's claims. No clash means no debate! I want to see passion and confidence!
I flow the round so am aware of what has/has not been dropped or deconstructed - do not claim your opponent has dropped points when they haven't - it could cost you the ballot.
Please only debate the resolution you have been given and do not focus on anything else.
HAVE FUN!!! Give it your best and leave feeling accomplished in your efforts, the world will not end if you don't win this round!
On a lighter note, I love a good cross! I love when questions aren't the general "Can you state all of your contentions again...." and are used more for engaging your opponent on points they just made that you could challenge and make flow to your side!
**For Nationals Policy Paradigm, scroll to the bottom**
General Debate Paradigm:
Experienced Coach and Flow Judge and 4 Year High School Debater, World History/Psychology/Sociology Teacher with previous career as a Community Corrections Officer (Probation and Parole).
In my experience, all forms of Debate are a synthesis of examples, evidence, and analysis. Competitors need to dive deep into the resolutions presented and wrestle with the ideas, evidence, philosophy, experiences, and impacts that stem from the resolution while tying back the original intention of the resolution. (Framer's Intent)
In my estimation all possible areas of inquiry are on the table, but be mindful that some styles of debate depend more on some mechanics then others. If you run inherency in a LD case, it feels off. If you try to solve for BQ, that's just wrong. Debate styles need to stay in their own lanes and crossover is risky if I'm judging your round. Debate is about connections and persuasion and connection with your judge.
I believe in the Burdens of Debate. Aff must prove the resolution's premise as true and correct via the Burden of Proof, regardless of the style. If not they lose. Neg must attack and uphold the Burden of Clash (Rejoinder) and if they do not they can not win.
A quick word on preferences for case presentation. Constructives need to be clear cut and purposeful, lay out all your arguments and evidence, simply open doors or you to walk through in the next speech. Extension evidence is always welcome to expand your points in support in 2nd speeches. Cross should allows be respectful and civil, I do take notes on cross but the points made there highlight your style and ability to think on the fly. Use of canned questions in any form are looked down on.
Rebuttals are fair game but you should always attack, rebuild and expand your arguments in this speech. Repeating points in Rebuttals doesn't increase the weight of the argument.
Consolidation Speeches are for crystalizing the main ideas and presenting voting issues in and overall persuasive and final presentation of your case through points. Please respect the format, arguments that extend well past the rebuttals do not carry more weight with me and are presented too late, make sure to do your job in each segment of the round.
A word about style within the round:
Using excessive speed (defined as 145 or more words per minute, above regular conversational speed of speech) or use excessive points or stylistic tricks to try to disadvantage your opponent in a round will win you no style points with me. If you are speaking beyond my ability to flow or use excessive points within a case I will put my pen down and this signifies that I am no longer constructively in the round. This is to be avoided at all costs, keep your judge “in the round” and go slow, standard conversational pace.
A word on technology and style choice: I have noted in my time as a judge and a coach that reliance on your computer makes you sound robotic and read faster than running off paper. Although I won't ever vote someone down who reads off the computer, you need to make sure to get the message home to the judge with emphasis and good speaks to do well in the round. Having a flat monotone computer voice, spreading evidence, card slamming, and hyper-aggression will not win you any points with me and arguably makes your job harder.
Other Points:
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Case Points for case clarity are gladly accepted.
- Tie things back to framework to impress me and get me on your side. If you "set and forget" a framework or weighing device, its on my flow but not helping you win. This is true for Value Criteria, Weighing Mechs, and Frameworks generally.
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Running Logical Fallacies are strongly encouraged. If you spot one, feel free to call an opponent out for it provided it is valid and you can explain the logical flaw clearly and directly (thus avoiding committing a fallacy of your own.)
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Unique arguments hold more weight then generic arguments, so look for a new angle to gain the upper hand. You have got to prove links to the resolution and prove topicality, if you can't then the claim is bound to fail.
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If you are Aff/Pro and doesn't rebuild and/or extend in later speeches, they lose. If you are Neg/Con attack doesn't attack, clash, and disprove, they lose.
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Observation is good, Observation + Analysis is better, Observation + Analysis+Evidence is best.
- In this world of "technological wonders", I am not on team AI, the expectation is that you write your own case, have your own thoughts, and defend your own ideas. If it is clear you didn't write it and don't know how to run it, I'm not likely to vote for it. Play with AI toys on your own time, not mine.
- NATIONALS 2024 POLICY PARADIGM-
Going to be honest here, policy is not my favorite style. I am not a fan of spreading, speed dropping cards, and theory arguments before the resolution. I won’t buy card formatting arguments or other fringe or minor arguments that do not deal directly with the administration of the cases in the round.
Aff Burden: I am an old school Policy Judge. Aff needs to set a Plan that is well thought out, supported with cards, and a detailed and nuanced Plan that takes into account the harms/ads/disads and impacts of the Plan. Plan needs to think through all the standard planks.(• Topicality • Harms / Inherency • Significance • Solvency • Advantages / Disadvantages) If you run something that is not a plan, it is hard to address/solve the burden of the Aff which is to propose a Plan.
Neg Burden: I’m ok with the Neg focus on counterplans and but my main focus as the judge is if the plan is well supported, funded, enforced and FESABILE. Neg should pressure test the Aff plan and be able to show how the plan presented, originating from the three possible policy applications, may have flaws/shortcomings/disads/impacts that the Aff may not be looking at or see. Neg needs to keep it topical though, I will not be buying any argumentation that reducing Social Security would lead to nuclear war, or anything of the like. If Neg does not establish and maintain strong link chains and impacts its going to be hard to show the flaws and get around or past the Aff plan.
Disclosure Note: So when it comes to disclosure, I am not going to factor into a decision disclosure of cases online well before the round. I would love a copy of the case in paper or digital form before you start, I feel it is required if you plan to spread. If you expect me to flow your spreading without some form of your case I will not flow your case, I will just put my pen down. If you go at a moderate speed, I can and will flow with you but would still appreciate a copy of the case to look at in case I have questions. If you are doing a piecemeal Neg case that is Straight Refusal and line by line, then no case is needed but make sure you go slow enough that I can flow it out.
Cards Note: If you have the card, be able to provide it if asked. I prefer paper cards, but know that is way Old School so make sure I have your Linktree/Drive or something established so if I have a question on a card I can see it. If it sounds too good to be true don’t be surprised or offended if I ask to see it. Also, do not try to discredit cards due to templating, without a National template I am not the style police for carding, if they made an effort, can provide it and it makes sense it is admissible to use in the round.
Spreading Note: Honestly, not a fan of spreading, it is a choice in delivery, and not a requirement. You have 8 mins to set the case, if you need to sacrifice speed for speaking I think that your case is overloaded and you are card slamming just to give the opponents more to answer. I think spreading takes away from the communication of debate and would rather hear the arguments and experience the clash then hear someone mumble their case at me. Set the case as you choose but then give the spreading a break and advocate for why your case is a good thing and should win. If you spread every speech at me with no real application or connection it will be a hard win. Just being honest.
Importance of Impacts: I am a impacts debater, meaning I want to see the impacts that a line of argument of questioning have on the status quo or proposed Aff/Neg world. I often follow the line for impacts to a ballot so be sure to apply the impacts of your attacks all the way through. Don’t just stop at the evidence and ask me to apply it for you, show me your warrants to get that impact!
What doesn’t Flow: I flow cross if it applies to advancing argumentation. I don’t flow ad hominum/personal attacks. I will flow case side extensions but not too late in the case and will always flow impacts and stock issues flowovers if set up and backed up with cards.
Plan Planks Priority: For me the order goes, from most to least important:
Topicality, Solvency, Advantages/Disadvantages, Harms/Inherency, Significance
Bentonville West High School Speech & Debate Coach
I have been a coach and competitor in the forensics/speech/debate world for 20+ years. I specialize in speaking. Speaker points are important to me. Sloppy or disorganized speeches can cost you the round. Please don't just read to me. I want to see your speaking & delivery skills as much as I want to see your arguments. Make clear arguments and focus on line-by-line analysis. When it comes to splitting hairs for a win, I will go with the team with the best line-by-line argumentation.
Back your claims and counterclaims with solid cards. I'm an analytical thinker when it comes to debate rounds. I want to hear your claims back with more than your opinion.
I am a tab judge and willing to listen to any argument. However, don't kill a dead horse or bet your case on minuscule points. Support your claims with professional backing. Make your points clear and understandable. Make sure you link to the resolution.
I enjoy a clearly organized debate with strong signposting, road-maps, and line-by-line analysis. Organization is key to keeping the flow tidy as well as maintaining clash throughout the round.
PLEASE DON'T SPREAD IN PF & LD.Adapt your case structure/speaking style, to adhere to this request. I'm a speaker. I expect solid speaking skills. I can deal with fast speaking as long as you are clear. However, I'm a traditional judge. Don't spread in styles outside of CX. Just because I am a traditional judge does not mean I won't evaluate or vote up progressive arguments. They just better be good. :)
Be sure to read arguments that have a clear link to the resolution/framework. If I don't understand the argument itself or don't understand how it links, there is no way I can evaluate it.
You're not going to win rounds with me in cross. Just because you bring a point up in cross does not mean I will flow it. If you want it considered, bring it up in your rebuttal. Keep it professional. A true debater can give their points without sounding demeaning or disrespectful. It will cost you the round with me. Learn to disagree respectfully.
I am by no means a lay judge, but I judge PF & WSD rounds as if I am. Don't use debate jargon in these rounds. Speak to me as if I had never heard the word debate before. That's the design of these styles.
If you have any questions, please ask me prior to the round.
Avoid arguments that are homophobic, sexist, racist, or offensive in any way. Be respectful to your opponent and judge. Use professional language at all times.
Email for chain: jskordal@bentonvillek12.org
This is your debate so have fun with it! Best of luck to you!!
Introduction -
My Name is Dakota Thompson, I am a Biologist and a Biology Teacher at Mills High School. My introduction into Debate and Forensics is quite new but I am the assistant debate coach at Mills High School.
Debate Judging -
When judging I look for confidence, delivery, and sound logical arguments during debates. I enjoy clear and confident speakers, if your points and contentions do not make any sense then it will count against you. As for your delivery I would like you to sound knowledgeable and informed on your topic. If you are simply reading from your computer or notes for the entire debate I see that as a lack of preparation and information. As for speaking as a whole, speed is not an issue for me as long as what you are saying is clear, if you speak fast and I can clearly understand that is fine, if you speak fast and you slur and I cannot grasp the information it will be counted towards you. I will take notes during the debate but it is not my job to be kept up with what was said, I do not flow during any Cross X, that is your job as a debater. As may be expected I do not have any tolerance for Racism, Sexism, Homophobia or anything of the sorts directed towards your opponents during debate.
Speech Judging -
When judging an event such as HI, Poetry or Prose I look for clean Delivery, I would like to see a person understand what is being said and is able to convey with a clear set of words and phrases. I always love to see Emotion in rounds, especially in events such as poetry and POI. If you truly connect with the topic you have chosen I need to be able to see that, show me how well you connect with the idea of your poetry and POI reports by connecting with it live. Confidence in any form of competition is a vital resource, if you do not seem confident in what you are doing and how you convey it comes off as under prepared and not at a competing level.
***Include me in your email chain.*** zatucker@asub.edu
Lincoln Douglas
LD debate should remain distinct from policy debate. While the passage of new policy may be deemed essential for AFF ground with some resolutions, value debate should remain central to the round. I don't mind speed or policy arguments in an LD round as long as you provide analysis of those arguments and link them back to the value debate.
Congressional Debate
I encourage any competitor to reflect seriously on the import attributes o the event. Congressional Debate should ALWAYS be a debate – not a presentation of dueling speeches. Delegates should use the sessions as an opportunity to critically discuss the legislation and move the debate along advancing agreements for and against of the matter before the body with each speech. Speeches should be conversational not appear scripted (DO NOT JUST READ A PREPARED SPEECH), notes should be used to quick reference evidence and quotes, reference points made by fellow delegates, cite supporting evidence, and be logical respecting the decorum of the event. Finally, each delegate should holistically contribute to the body and its debate of the measures on the docket. Engaging in questioning and parliamentary procedure respect respecting the decorum of the event.
Policy Debate
As a judge, I am open to all arguments and styles of policy debate. Your job as a debater is to convince me that what you have to say matters and should be preferred to your opponent. The way you go about that is entirely your choice (within reason…professionalism and decorum are key). If you have questions pre-round, please ask. Having said that, here are some specific likes/dislikes as a judge which you can choose to follow or completely ignore (because I will objectively evaluate whatever lands on my flow whether I really like it or not):
Case: I do love case debate. I find it hard to vote NEG when case goes relatively untouched and hard to vote AFF when rebuttals focus on off-case arguments. Rounds where case is essentially dropped by both sides are my worst nightmare.
K: Not my favorite, but I will evaluate K. I’m not really well-versed in kritikal literature, so if you choose to run kritikal arguments (AFF or NEG), please provide thorough explanation and analysis. Don’t expect me to know the ideals that Whoever promoted because, unless you tell me, I probably don’t.
T: I tend to be pretty lenient on the affirmative as far as T goes. In order to win on T, the negative must completely prove that the affirmative has totally harmed the fairness and education of the round.
CP/DA: Sure, it's a debate.
Theory/Framework: Just tell me how/where to flow it and why it matters in this round.
The Flow: Tell me how to flow the round. Roadmap. Sign post. Please slow down for clarity on tags and citations. If you insist on spreading tags and cites, please provide me with a copy of your speech. If your arguments don’t make it on my flow, they cannot be evaluated on my ballot. I also do very little (feel free to read that as “no”) evidence analysis following the round. It is your job as a debater to clearly articulate the argument/evidence/analysis during your allotted time.
Have fun and promote better discourse.